1. Matsayin, abun da ke ciki na asali da kuma yi na ɓataccen murfin kumfa

(1) Babban aikin fenti

• 1. Ƙaƙƙarfan launi na iya inganta ƙarfin da ƙarfin tsarin kumfa, kuma ya hana samfurin daga lalacewa ko lalacewa a lokacin sarrafawa, sutura, cika yashi, da rawar jiki.
• 2. Lokacin da ake zubawa, Layer shafi shine matsakaicin warewa tsakanin karfe mai ruwa da busassun yashi. Layin rufin yana raba narkakkar karfen da yashi da aka cika domin hana narkakkar karfe shiga cikin yashi, ta yadda zai tabbatar da simintin gyare-gyare da tsaftar simintin gyare-gyare ba tare da yashi ba. Haka kuma, yana hana busasshen yashi kwararowa cikin ratar da ke tsakanin narkakkar karfen da kumfa, wanda hakan ya haifar da faduwa.
• 3. Layer Layer yana ba da damar samfuran pyrolysis nau'in kumfa (yawan adadin iskar gas ko ruwa, da dai sauransu) don tserewa cikin sauƙi a cikin yashi da aka cika kuma a tsotse su nan take, yana hana simintin gyare-gyare daga samar da lahani kamar pores, wrinkles, haɓakar carbon. da saura. (Saboda yawan zafin jiki na zub da ruwa ya bambanta a lokacin da ake zubo gami daban-daban, samfuran lalata na nau'in kumfa suna da bambanci sosai. Ana buƙatar rufin don samun isasshen iska mai kyau lokacin da aka jefar da aluminum gami, samfuran pyrolysis galibi ruwa ne saboda ƙarancin zafin jiki na kusan 1350-1600 ° C. Ana buƙatar samfuran lalata ruwa don a jika tare da Rufe kuma a hankali kutsawa cikin rufin. Layer ɗin yana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar rufewa kuma a fitar da shi daga cikin rami.)
• 4. Rubutun yana da kaddarorin haɓakar thermal, wanda zai iya gujewa da kuma rage asarar zafi na narkakken ƙarfe yayin aiwatar da cikawa, da haɓaka ƙimar ƙimar cikar sassa na bakin ciki.

(2) Abubuwan asali na fenti

Rubutun kumfa da aka ɓace gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi kayan haɓakawa, masu ɗaure, masu ɗaukar hoto (ruwa, ethanol), masu haɓakawa, wakilai masu dakatarwa, wakilai na thixotropic da sauran abubuwan ƙari. An haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ɗaya tare kuma suna taka rawar gani sosai a cikin tsari da sutura.

• 1. Abubuwan da ke jujjuyawa (jima). Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, shine kayan kashin baya a cikin sutura, wanda ke ƙayyade refractoriness, kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, adsorption da kaddarorin thermal na rufin. A m da lafiya barbashi size sanyi da barbashi siffar da mafi girma tasiri a kan iska permeability na shafi. Girman barbashi bai kamata ya zama mai kyau ba, kuma siffar ya fi dacewa da columnar da zagaye, biye da flakes.
• 2. Daure. Yana da wani makawa ƙari don tabbatar da cewa rasa kumfa shafi yana da duka mafi girma ƙarfi da kuma mafi girma permeability na iska. Akwai galibi nau'ikan kwayoyin halitta da na inorganic iri biyu. Daga cikin su, kwayoyin halitta (syrup, sitaci, dextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose CMC) na iya ƙara ƙarfin rufin a dakin da zafin jiki, kuma za a rasa a lokacin aikin simintin gyare-gyare, da kyau inganta haɓakar iska na rufi. Abubuwan da ke cikin inorganic (nanobentonite, gilashin ruwa, silica sol) na iya tabbatar da ƙarfin rufin a dakin da zafin jiki da zafin jiki. Yawancin lokaci ya zama dole don amfani da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri daidai don tabbatarwa da inganta aikin sutura.
• 3. Mai ɗaukar kaya. Tushen ruwa da barasa (giya).
• 4. Surfactant (wakilin wetting). An fi amfani da shi don inganta haɓakar kayan da aka rasa na kumfa mai tushen ruwa. Molecules sune kwayoyin amphiphilic waɗanda zasu iya zama duka hydrophilic da lipophilic. Lokacin da aka ƙara zuwa fenti, ƙarshen hydrophilic yana haɗuwa da ruwa a cikin fenti na tushen ruwa, kuma ƙarshen lipophilic yana jawo hankalin kumfa na kumfa, yana mai da shi daidaitacce kuma an shirya shi a saman kullun kumfa, kamar gada mai haɗawa. filastik mold da fenti.
• 5. Wakilin dakatarwa. Wani abu da aka ƙara don hana hazo na m kayan refractory a cikin shafi. A lokaci guda, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaitawa da rheology na sutura da inganta aikin tsari na sutura. Zaɓin da ya dace ya dogara ne akan nau'in kayan haɓakawa da nau'in jigilar kaya. (Waɗanda aka saba amfani da suspending jamiái domin ruwa na tushen coatings ne: bentonite, attapulgite, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, da dai sauransu .. Da aka saba amfani suspending jamiái ga Organic sauran ƙarfi coatings ne: Organic bentonite, lithium bentonite, attapulgite, polyvinyl butyral PVB, da dai sauransu). .
• 6. Thixotropic wakili. Attapulgite ƙasa. Thixotropy, a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, danko na sutura a hankali yana raguwa tare da tsawo na lokacin raguwa (thinning), kuma danko a hankali ya dawo (thickening) tare da tsawo na lokaci bayan an dakatar da shear.
• 7. Sauran kayan haɗi. Defoamer, ƙari wanda zai iya kawar da kumfa a cikin sutura (masu amfani da defoamers sune: n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-octanol), adadin adadin shine 0.02%. Preservative wani ƙari ne don hana fermentation, cin hanci da rashawa da kuma lalacewa na suturar ruwa (sodium benzoate shine abin da ake amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar abinci kuma yana da lafiya mai kyau). Adadin kari shine 0.02% -0.04%.

Ya kamata a kara masu amfani da ruwa, defoamers, da masu kiyayewa a lokaci guda daidai da tsarin shirye-shiryen sutura.

(3) Aiki na sutura

Rubutun kumfa da aka ɓace ya kamata ya sami abubuwa masu zuwa: ƙarfin, ƙarfin iska, refractoriness, thermal rufi, m sanyi da zafi juriya, danshi sha, adsorption, sauki tsaftacewa, shafi, dripping (matakin), dakatar jira. Ana iya raba shi gabaɗaya zuwa nau'i biyu: aikin aiki da aikin aiwatarwa.

• 1. Ayyukan aiki. Ciki har da: ƙarfi, ƙarfin iska, refractoriness, thermal rufi, saurin sanyi da juriya na zafi, ɗaukar danshi, adsorption, da sauƙin tsaftacewa. Daga cikin su, mafi mahimmancin kaddarorin sune ƙarfi, haɓakar iska, da refractoriness.
• 2. Tsarin aiki. Ciki har da: shafi, dripping (matakin), dakatarwa. Daga cikin su, mafi mahimmancin aikin shine sutura da dripping (mataki). Saboda samfurin kumfa kanta yana da abubuwan da ba su da ruwa, ana buƙatar sutura don samun kyawawan kayan shafa. Low dripping (matakin matakin) shine babban hanyar tabbatar da kauri na rufin da kuma rage sharar gida da gurɓataccen muhalli.Tsarin ya kamata ya sami sakamako na tsari na "kauri amma ba m" da "zamewa amma ba dripping".
• 3. Hanyoyi don inganta aikin shafi.

2.Zaɓin ɓataccen suturar kumfa

(1) Abubuwan sinadarai (pH)

• 1. Acidic jefa baƙin ƙarfe da jefa karfe (carbon karfe, low-alloy karfe) ya kamata a zaba m acidic da tsaka tsaki refractory kayan kamar kyanite, flake graphite, silica yashi, da dai sauransu.
• 2. Neutral High-alloy karfe ya kamata dace da weakly acidic da tsaka tsaki refractory kayan kamar zirconium kyanite, corundum, zircon yashi, kuma flake graphite.
• 3. Alkaline high manganese karfe ya kamata a zaba daidai da alkaline refractory kayan kamar magnesia da forsterite.
• 4. Aluminum gami ya kamata a zaba daidai da sauran kayan haɓakawa

(2) Kaddarorin jiki (zazzabi)

Ana gabatar da buƙatu daban-daban musamman bisa ga dalilai kamar saitin tsarin gating, saitin tsarin aiki, nau'in rukunin akwatin binne, halaye na aiki da ƙwarewa, da muhallin rukunin yanar gizo.

3. Shiri da adana fenti

Kayan aiki don shirye-shiryen sutura galibi sun haɗa da injin roba, injin ball, mahaɗa mai ƙarancin sauri, mahaɗa mai saurin sauri, da sauransu. , kuma akwai 'yan kumfa a ciki. Abubuwan da ba su da amfani ba su da aiki maras kyau, dogon lokacin shirye-shiryen shafi da babban amo. Masu haɗawa masu saurin sauri sun zama kayan aiki na yau da kullun don shirya fenti. Idan ba ku da mahaɗa mai sauri, za ku iya amfani da mahaɗa mai ƙarancin sauri don tsawaita lokacin haɗawa don samun ingantaccen sakamako mai haɗawa.

(1) Tsarin shirye-shiryen sutura

• 1. Manufar da aikin haɗuwa da sauri. Mix foda da ruwa sosai don yin slurry iri ɗaya. Ta hanyar motsa jiki mai sauri, zaruruwa da abubuwan foda a cikin ɗaure suna ƙarƙashin shearing da aiki mai hankali, wanda ya dace da cikakken haɗuwa. Lokacin hadawa mai girma bai wuce sa'o'i 2 ba
• 2. Manufar da aiki na ƙananan saurin haɗuwa. Cire iskar gas ɗin da aka zana a cikin fenti saboda saurin motsawar sauri. Tabbatar da ƙarfin murfin yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin simintin. Dama a ƙananan gudu don 2 hours ko ci gaba.

(2) Kula da ingancin fenti

• 1. Yawan yawa. Yana Nuna bakin ciki na sutura, kuma yana nuna kauri na sutura a lokacin aikin sutura. Yana da mahimmancin ƙimar inganci na sutura, kuma ana amfani da yawa don sarrafa wurin samarwa. Kayan aikin aunawa: Hydrometer (Pomemeter)
• 2. PH darajar (acidity, alkalinity) na shafi. Wajibi ne don ƙara nau'in nau'in nau'in kwayoyin halitta da ruwa zuwa rufi. Don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na waɗannan kwayoyin halitta da ruwa, da kuma daidaitawar sinadarai na sinadarai na sutura zuwa narkeccen ƙarfe, ya kamata a sarrafa shi. Ana iya auna shi da takarda gwajin PH da mita PH.
• 3. Nauyin sutura. Za'a iya ƙididdige kauri na sutura ta hanyar yin la'akari da nauyin samfurin bayan sutura biyu da kuma auna nauyin nauyin.

(3) Adana fenti

An fi shirya fenti a kowane lokaci kuma ana amfani dashi a lokaci. Sauran fenti yana da sauƙin adanawa a wuri mai sanyi kuma bai kamata a adana shi na dogon lokaci ba. Dangane da yanayin yanayi da yanayin wurin ajiya, babban lokacin ajiya a lokacin rani shine kwanaki 2-5, kuma lokacin ajiya a cikin hunturu: kwanaki 5-10. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a guji fermentation ko daskarewa.

4. Tufafi da kiyayewa

(1) Hanyar shafa (bushewa, tsomawa, shawa, feshi) da iyakokin aikace-aikace

Brush: dace da guda-yanki kananan tsari samar da matsakaici da kuma manyan siffofi. Dipping da drenching: dace da ƙananan siffofi tare da manyan batches da siffofi masu rikitarwa. Fesa: Gabaɗaya ya dace da siriri-bango ko sauƙi maras kyau da sauƙin lalacewa sifofi.

(2) M zabi na shafi kauri

Ya kamata a saita kauri mai rufi gabaɗaya bisa ga buƙatun abubuwa kamar nau'in narkakken ƙarfe, tsarin simintin gyare-gyare, rikitaccen siffar, nauyi, kaurin bango, saiti da zaɓin tsarin gating. Don samfurin ƙirar ƙira, ya kamata a rage kauri daga cikin sutura kamar yadda zai yiwu a kan yanayin tabbatar da ƙarfi da juriya na lalacewa don taimakawa wajen inganta haɓakar iska. Za a iya zabar tsakanin 0.3-3.5mm. Don tsarin gating, ƙarfin murfin ya kamata a ƙara shi sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma ya kamata a ƙara yawan kauri da kyau, wanda za'a iya zaɓar tsakanin 3.5-6mm.

(3) Abubuwan da ke buƙatar kulawa

• 1. Yi cikakken amfani da thixotropy na rufin ruwa (dankowar rufin yana raguwa yayin aikin motsa jiki, kuma danko ya tashi bayan an dakatar da motsawa). A ƙarƙashin yanayin ci gaba da motsawa da kula da zafin jiki, ana yin sutura don samun suturar kayan ado da kuma rage lalacewar samfurin.
• 2. Zaɓi saurin motsawa mai dacewa. Ana iya sarrafa shi a juyi 10-20 / min. Idan saurin juyawa ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, fenti na iya yin hazo; idan gudun jujjuyawa ya yi yawa, fenti zai mamaye gas kuma ya haifar da kumfa.
• 3. Ya kamata a kula da hankali don sarrafa matsayi, kusurwa, jagora, sauri, ƙarfi, da dai sauransu na ƙirar da aka nutsar a cikin fenti don hana lahani da matsaloli kamar nakasawa, lalacewa, da kumfa.
• 4. Don sutura, tabbatar da cewa rufin ya kasance daidai kuma ya rufe dukkan sassan tsarin.
• 5. Anti-deformation da anti-breakage ya kamata ya gudana ta hanyar dukan tsari na sutura da rataye. Lokacin sanya samfurin mai rufi, tasirin bushewa da rigakafin lalacewa da lalacewa ya kamata a yi la'akari sosai.

(4) Mummunan halaye na yau da kullun a ayyukan zanen

• 1. Girgiza kai. Ya kamata a sanya samfurin da aka rufe a kan faifai na tsaye, kuma fentin zai ɗigo ta halitta don samun sutura mai laushi da santsi. Ko da yake girgizar wucin gadi na iya ƙara saurin rufewa, a lokaci guda, kuma zai lalata daidaito da daidaitawar rufin, yana haifar da suturar ta zama bakin ciki ko taruwa a cikin gida. (Saka bidiyo)
• 2. Raba. Ana kuma kiransa "Lu Bai" kamar yadda ake cewa. Wani ɓangare na sutura ko babban yanki ba a rufe shi da fenti, kuma ba a dauki matakan gyara shi ba, kuma an ba da izinin canja shi zuwa tsari na gaba. Wannan zai haifar da sutura ya zama mai laushi kuma ya rage ƙarfi da sauran kaddarorin, wanda zai shafi ingancin simintin gyare-gyare. (Saka hoto)

5. Bushewar fenti

(1) Hanyar bushewa da kayan aiki

Hanyar kariyar muhalli ta dabi'a: Yi amfani da busasshiyar iska ko dakin rana, dumama greenhouse da bushewa don cimma tasirin bushewa, bushewa da bushewa. Hanyar dumama da humidification: Ana amfani da ɗakin bushewa na musamman don haɓakawa da kuma kula da yanayin bushewar ta hanyar kona gawayi, iskar gas, wutar lantarki, geothermal, tururi, da dai sauransu, ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don fitar da danshi don cimma tasirin. dehydration, dehumidification da bushewa.

(2) Kula da ingancin tsarin bushewa

• 1. bushewa zafin jiki. 35-50 ℃. Ana iya amfani da bushewa mai ƙarancin zafi a kan yanayin cewa an tabbatar da tasirin dehumidification da inganci. A lokaci guda, zafin bushewa bai kamata a saita shi da yawa ba. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 50 ° C, samfurin yana fuskantar matsaloli kamar laushi da fadowa daga colloid.
• 2. Yawan zafi. Gudun dumama bai kamata ya yi sauri ba, kuma yakamata a sarrafa shi a 5-10 ℃ / awa. Idan saurin dumama yana da sauri sosai, rufin yana da haɗari ga fashe, delamination ko ma kwasfa.
• 3. Lokacin bushewa. Dangane da rikitarwa da girman ƙayyadaddun kayan bushewa na musamman, yanayi da samfurin, a gaba ɗaya, lokacin bushewa na murfin farko ya kamata a sarrafa shi don 8-12 hours ko fiye. Ya kamata a sarrafa lokacin bushewa na shafi na biyu a cikin sa'o'i 16-24 ko fiye, kuma lokacin bushewa na shafi na uku ya kamata a sarrafa shi cikin sa'o'i 20-24 ko fiye. A ka'ida, ya kamata a gudanar da gwajin awo tsakanin kowace wucewa. Bayan tabbatar da cewa ya bushe gaba daya, ya kamata a yi amfani da fenti na gaba.
• 4. Gyaran sutura da gyarawa.

Shiga wannan labarin ：Matsayin Rubutu A Bataccen Tsarin Samar da Kumfa 

Bayanin Sake Buga: Idan babu umarni na musamman, duk labaran kan wannan rukunin yanar gizon na asali ne. Da fatan za a nuna tushen don sake bugawa: www.cncmachiningptj.com

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