Matsakaicin fitar da aluminium yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali, yana mai da hankali a cikin Vietnam da Amurka

Dangane da manufofin ragi na harajin fitarwa, ƙasara ta fitar da samfuran aluminium galibi samfuran aluminum ne, waɗanda za'a iya raba su musamman zuwa aluminium da ba a yi su ba, kayan aluminium (ciki har da faranti na aluminum, tube na aluminum, bayanan martaba na aluminum, foils na aluminum, da sauransu, galibi Semi- ƙãre kayayyakin), aluminum karfe kayayyakin da sauran. A cikin 2017, ƙasata ta fitar da ton miliyan 4.79 na samfuran aluminum, haɓakar 4.5% kowace shekara. Daidai da matsakaicin farashin FOB na fitarwa na dalar Amurka 2805.8/ton, matsakaicin ƙima zuwa farashin tabo LME shine dalar Amurka 1,200/ton, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar shine 74%. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙarar fitar da aluminium na ƙasata ya karu cikin sauri tare da faɗaɗa ƙarfin samar da aluminium na farko, kuma haɓakar haɓakawa iri ɗaya ne. A cikin 2017, ƙarar fitar da aluminum na ƙasata ya ninka fiye da sau biyu na 2011, ya kai tan miliyan 4.79, kuma ƙimar fitarwa ta kai biliyan 13.9. Dala. Tun daga shekara ta 2012, fitar da aluminium a koyaushe yana da kashi 13% -15% na fitowar aluminium na farko, wanda yake da inganci.

Abubuwan da kasata ke fitarwa na aluminium sun hada da filayen aluminium, sandunan aluminum da foils na aluminum. Daga cikin su, faranti na aluminum da tube suna lissafin kusan kashi 40 cikin 30 na jimillar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, bayanan martabar sandar aluminium suna da kashi 25%, foil ɗin aluminum yana da kashi 5%, sauran nau'ikan suna lissafin kashi 2017%. Daga ra'ayi na tarihi, wannan rabon rarraba ya kasance mai ƙarfi, amma tun daga 50, rabon faranti na aluminum da tube ya karu zuwa kusan 50%, kuma rabon bayanan martaba na aluminum ya ragu sosai. Tsarin yanki ya mayar da hankali ne, tare da Amurka da Vietnam suna da ƙima mai yawa. Rabon da ƙasar ta ke fitarwa na aluminium a kasuwannin kasuwancin duniya yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, kuma a halin yanzu ya haura 2016%. A cikin 18, an fitar da 10% na kayayyakin aluminium na ƙasata zuwa Arewacin Amurka, 37% an fitar dashi zuwa Turai, kuma 2016% an fitar dashi zuwa Gabashin Asiya da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Dangane da kasashe daban-daban, manyan wurare guda biyu don fitar da aluminium na ƙasata a cikin 14.6 sune Vietnam da Amurka, waɗanda ke da 13.6% da 15% na jimlar fitarwa, bi da bi. Manyan kasashe 66 na fitar da kayayyaki sun kai kashi XNUMX% na jimillar fitar da kayayyaki. Tsarin fitarwa na yanki yana da ɗan taƙaitawa.

Daga yanayin tsarin fitarwa na samfurori daban-daban, manyan wurare na nau'o'in nau'in fitarwa na aluminum sun bambanta. Daga hangen nesa na 2016, mafi mahimmancin maƙasudin fitarwa na sandar aluminum da bayanin martaba shine Vietnam. A cikin 2016, ƙasata ta fitar da 510,000 ton na aluminum sanda da bayanan martaba zuwa Vietnam, wanda shine sau 10 na yawan fitarwa na Philippines na biyu; Amurka da Koriya ta Kudu su ne kasata Manyan wuraren da za a fitar da takardar aluminum da tsiri, a cikin 2016, ƙasata ta fitar da tan 360,000 na aluminum sheet da tsiri zuwa Amurka da 110,000 ton zuwa Koriya ta Kudu; Amurka da Indiya sune manyan wuraren da ake amfani da su wajen fitar da foil din aluminum na kasata. A cikin 2016, ƙasata ta fitar da tan 168,000 na foil na aluminum zuwa Amurka. Ya fitar da tan 127,000 zuwa Indiya. Gabaɗaya, wuraren fitarwa na manyan nau'ikan kayan aluminium guda uku suna da ƙarfi sosai.

Ƙayyadaddun Masana'antu: Manufa + Yada + Samfura

Gabaɗayan fitarwa na aluminum da samfuransa a cikin ƙasata ana iya raba su zuwa matakai na tarihi guda huɗu: matakin farko kafin rikicin kuɗi na duniya a 2008 (kafin 2008), wanda ke da saurin hauhawar farashin da haɓakar haɓakar ƙarar fitarwa; da kuma saurin farfadowa bayan rikicin kudi (2009-2010), babban fasalin shine saurin haɓakar farashi tare da farashin kayayyaki, da saurin girma na girma na fitarwa; mataki na ci gaba da fadada bayan rikicin kudi (2011-2015), babban fasalin shine kiyaye farashin barga, ƙarar tare da ci gaba da karuwa a buƙatun aluminum; da kuma kwanan nan na raguwar farashin farashi da haɓaka ƙararrawa (2016-present), shigar da 2017, matsakaicin farashin fitarwa na aluminum da samfuransa a cikin ƙasata ya haɓaka kuma ƙarar fitarwa ya kasance tabbatacce. Dalili kuwa shi ne, baya ga yanayin tattalin arziki da wadata da buƙatun kayayyaki masu yawa, abubuwan da ake fitarwa aluminium na ƙasata sun fi shafar manufofi, farashi, tsarin samfur, da ƙarin ƙima. Yin nazarin canje-canje a cikin waɗannan abubuwa guda uku zai taimaka wajen fahimtar kasuwar fitar da aluminum ta ƙasata. Dalilai na tarihi da hasashen abubuwan da zasu faru nan gaba.

Sakamakon manufofin fitar da kayayyaki, aluminium na ƙasata da samfuransa ana fitar da su ne daga aluminium. A cikin 2005, ƙasata ta soke rangwamen harajin fitarwa na 8% na aluminum wanda ba a yi shi ba kuma ya ɗaga jadawalin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa 15% a cikin 2016. A cikin 2008, don haɓaka kwarin gwiwa ga fitar da aluminum, ƙasata ta sake dawo da ragi na harajin fitarwa na aluminum kuma ta haɓaka ta. kudin haraji zuwa 13%. Ya haifar da zagaye na farko na haɓaka cikin sauri a kasuwar fitarwar aluminum. Daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2009, adadin kayayyakin da ake fitarwa na aluminium na kasata ya tashi sosai zuwa kashi 60%.

A halin yanzu, kusan dukkanin samfuran aluminium a cikin ƙasata ban da foil na aluminium suna jin daɗin ragi na ƙimar ƙimar fitarwa na 13%, kuma duk samfuran foil na aluminium suna jin daɗin 15% ƙarin ƙimar harajin fitarwa, kuma ba a fitar da harajin fitarwa. Manufar fitarwar da aka fi so shine ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke tallafawa haɓakar fitar da aluminium na ƙasata na dogon lokaci. Ganin cewa masana'antar kayayyakin aluminium a halin yanzu suna ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, kuma ribar da ake samu na fitar da kayayyaki tana cikin kashi 10%, rangwamen harajin da ake fitarwa a zahiri yana cikin wani yanayi mara riba bayan da aka soke rangwamen harajin fitarwa. Ana sa ran cewa manufar rangwamen haraji za ta ci gaba cikin kankanin lokaci. Har ila yau, a matsayin kasata ta fi mayar da hankali kan nau'in bincike na kasuwanci da hukunci, fitar da kayayyakin aluminium yana da matukar tasiri ga manufofin hana zubar da ruwa na kasashen waje. Tun daga shekarar 2015, Amurka, Ostiraliya, Indiya da sauran ƙasashe sun haɓaka yawan ƙaddamar da binciken kasuwanci da kuma azabtar da kayayyakin aluminum na kasar Sin, kuma nau'ikan samfuran da aka rufe sun zama mafi girma. A tarihi, lokacin da Amurka ta yi matakan hana zubar da ruwa akan bayanan martabar aluminum a cikin kasar Sin a cikin 2011 kuma ta kaddamar da bincike kan kasuwancin foil na aluminum tare da kasata a cikin 2017, samfuran kasar Sin sun kai sama da kashi 65% na kasuwar shigo da kayayyaki na gida, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga Alluminum na ƙasata na fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe masu niyya cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Duk sun sami wani tasiri. Daga cikin su, hana zubar da ciki a shekarar 2011 kai tsaye ya haifar da raguwar 38% a yawan fitar da kayayyakin aluminium na Sin da Amurka. Yawan fitar da kayayyakin aluminium na ƙasata yana ci gaba da girma a daidai lokacin da ake fitar da samfuran aluminium. Tun daga 2011, girman fitarwa na aluminum na wata-wata da rabon fitarwa ya bambanta tsakanin 7% da 10%. Canje-canjen yana da matukar tasiri ga bambance-bambancen farashin gida da na waje, wanda hakan ke shafar farashin dangi da kasuwar kasuwar fitar da aluminum. Kudin samar da aluminium a cikin ƙasata an ƙaddara ta farashin aluminum na farko da kuma farashin sarrafa aluminum. A baya, farashin sarrafawa ya kasance na biyu kuma bai canza sosai ba. Sabili da haka, ga wasu kamfanonin kasar Sin waɗanda ke da ƙarfin samarwa na sama da na ƙasa, farashin samar da aluminium an ƙaddara su ne ta hanyar ƙimar samar da aluminum na farko. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, fa'idar farashin ta ragu saboda ci gaba da hauhawar farashin kwal a cikin gida.

Tsarin samfur da ƙarin ƙimar suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ƙimar farashin kayan aluminium da ribar masana'antar samarwa. A yayin faɗuwar darajar renminbi, farashin aluminum ya ragu zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. Dangane da nau'ikan, farashin kewayon kayan aluminium daban-daban da yanayin canjin farashin su sun bambanta. Ta hanyar lura da ƙimar farashin RMB na aluminium da aka fitar zuwa farashin tabo na SHFE, ana iya gano cewa tun daga 2017, babban dalilin da ya haifar da raguwar farashin kayan aluminium shine saurin raguwar ƙimar samfurin kanta. Mafi girman ƙarar ƙimar samfurin, ƙananan ƙimar hankali da haɓakawa. Karami. Dangane da takardar aluminium da tsiri, daga bayanan fitar da ƙasata zuwa Amurka, ƙarin ƙimar da ƙasata ke fitarwa kai tsaye na takardar aluminum da tsiri ba ta da yawa. A cikin 2016, Amurka ta shigo da kashi 38% na jimillar farantin aluminum da tsiri shigo da su daga China. Daga cikin manyan kasashe biyar a fannin shigo da kayayyaki a waccan shekarar, matsakaicin farashin CIF na farantin aluminum da tsiri da aka shigo da su daga kasar Sin ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta akan dalar Amurka 2,265 kawai/ton. Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin CIF na takardar aluminium da aka shigo da shi a cikin Amurka a waccan shekarar ya kasance dalar Amurka 2,730/ton, wanda ya kasance ƙasa da kashi 18%. A cikin 2016, Amurka ta shigo da foil na aluminium daga China ya kai kashi 66% na jimillar foil ɗin da ta shigo da ita a waccan shekarar. Daga cikin manyan kasashe biyar masu shigo da kayayyaki, farashin foil din aluminium na kasar Sin ya yi kadan, rabin na Canada da Austria ne kawai. Dangane da bayanan martabar aluminium, a cikin 2016, Amurka ta shigo da bayanan martabar aluminum kai tsaye daga ƙasata ne kawai ke lissafin 3% na jimlar shigo da kayayyaki, tare da matsakaicin farashin US $ 4,794 / ton, sama da matsakaicin US $ 3,944 / ton. Duk da haka, la'akari da cewa babban adadin bayanan martabar aluminum da aka fitar daga ƙasata zuwa Vietnam an sake fitar da su zuwa kasuwannin Amurka, matsakaicin farashin bayanan martabar aluminum da Amurka ta shigo daga Vietnam shine kawai dalar Amurka 2943 / ton, wanda shine US $ 1,000 / ton ƙasa da matsakaicin farashin. Ko da yake ba a tabbatar da cewa kasar Sin Yawan kayayyakin ba ne, amma yana da tabbacin cewa har yanzu kayayyakin kasar Sin na cikin farashi mai rahusa bayan da aka sake fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje.

Kasar Japan kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren da ake amfani da sinadarin aluminium na kasata da kayayyakinta. Bisa kididdigar da kasar Japan ta shigo da ita, a shekarar 2016, shigo da kayayyakin da ake shigo da su na aluminium da filayen aluminium daga kasar Sin bai wuce kashi 15 cikin 75 na kayayyakin da aka shigo da su a wannan shekarar ba. Ga waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu, samfuran Sinawa suna da fa'idodin farashin bayyane. Fiye da kashi 1 cikin 7 na kayan aluminium da aka shigo da su Japan sun fito ne daga China, kuma matsakaicin farashin kwastan da ake shigo da shi daga waje bai kai rabin kayayyakin Koriya da aka shigo da su ba, wanda shine kawai XNUMX/XNUMX na samfuran Amurka da aka shigo da su, wanda galibi ya mamaye ƙananan ƙarshen. kasuwa.

Ƙoƙarin hana zubar da jini ya ƙaru sosai, fitar da ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya shafar wani ɗan lokaci

A watan Maris din shekarar 2018 ne shugaban Amurka Trump ya sanar da fara aiwatar da wani sabon harajin karafa da aluminum, yana shirin sanya harajin kashi 25% kan karafan da ake shigowa da su daga kasashen waje da kuma harajin kashi 10% kan aluminum da ake shigowa da su. A tarihi, a cikin watan Afrilun 2011, Amurka ta fara aiwatar da ayyukan hana zubar da ruwa da kuma rage ayyukan da ake shigowa da su a kasarta, kuma abin da kasar ta ke fitarwa zuwa sandunan aluminum da sanduna na Amurka ya tsaya cak. Har ila yau, wannan matakin ya sa jimilar fitar da aluminium da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa Amurka a shekarar 2011 ya ragu da kashi 38 cikin dari a duk shekara idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar 2010. Sai a shekarar 2013 jimillar kayayyakin da kasar ta ke fitarwa zuwa Amurka ya sake samun bunkasuwa. Jerin matakan da aka ɗauka na baya-bayan nan suna nufin kiyaye babban matsin lamba akan bayanan martabar aluminum na ƙasata. Tun daga shekara ta 2009, ƙasashen yamma da Amurka, Tarayyar Turai da Ostiraliya ke wakilta sun ci gaba da ƙaddamar da bincike na hana zubar da ruwa da kuma hana tallafin tallafi kan kayayyakin aluminium da ake fitarwa zuwa ƙasata, galibi suna yin niyya ga extrusions na aluminum, ƙafafun aluminum da sauran kayayyaki. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, yawan kasashen da ke shiga cikin binciken hana zubar da ruwa da kuma hana tallafin tallafi kan kayayyakin aluminum a kasar Sin ya karu, kuma nau'ikan kayayyakin da aka rufe su ma sun karu. Babban abubuwan da suka faru sun hada da: A cikin 2015, Indiya ta fara binciken hana zubar da ruwa a kan bangon aluminum na kasar Sin, kuma ta yanke hukunci na karshe a watan Maris 2017. An ba da shawarar yanke hukunci na karshe kan kayayyakin kasar Sin da ke cikin lamarin, kuma an ba da shawarar. don sanya harajin dalar Amurka 0.69-US$1.63 kan kayayyakin kasar Sin da ke da hannu a lamarin. /Kg na ayyukan hana zubar da jini. Ya zuwa ƙarshen 2016, Indiya ita ce ƙasata ta biyu mafi girma da ke fitar da foil ɗin aluminium, kuma fitar da foil ɗin aluminium zuwa Indiya ya kai kashi 12% na jimillar filayen aluminum ɗin ƙasarta a waccan shekarar. Aiwatar da ayyukan hana zubar da ruwa zai kara farashin karshe na foil aluminum na kasar Sin da ake fitarwa daga Indiya da kashi 27% zuwa 62%, wanda ake sa ran zai raunana fa'idar farashin da ake samu a halin yanzu da kasuwar kayayyakin Sinawa.

Sabuwar manufar harajin karfe da aluminium ta Amurka tana kula da babban matsin lamba kan bayanan martabar aluminium na kasar Sin. A cikin 2015, Amurka ta yanke hukuncin kisa na 33.28% na gabaɗayan juji akan bayanan martabar aluminium na ƙasata. A karshen shekarar 2016, ta yanke hukuncin cewa kamfanoni 9 da ke da hannu a cikin lamarin sun fuskanci wani babban harajin hana zubar da ciki na kashi 86.01%. A cikin 2017, sun kuma yanke hukuncin cewa za su ci gaba da biyan harajin su kan bayanan aluminum na kasar Sin yayin nazarin binciken lalacewar masana'antu. Matakan hana zubar da ruwa na yanzu. A lokaci guda kuma, tun daga 2017, Koriya ta Kudu da Brazil suma sun shiga jerin gwano don hana zubar da jini a kan samfuran aluminium na kasar Sin, kuma nau'ikan samfuran sun kara rufe faranti na hotuna da aka riga aka yi da aluminum, kayan dafa abinci na aluminum, ƙafafun alloy na aluminum da sauran samfuran. . A cikin watan Agustan 2016, Ostiraliya ta fara gudanar da bincike sau biyu kan shigo da kayan aluminium na Malaysia da Vietnamese. An yanke hukuncin farko ne a watan Oktoban shekarar 2016, kuma an yanke hukuncin karshe a watan Yunin 2017. Daga cikinsu, binciken kamfanin Aluminum na EastAsia, MienHua Precision Mechanical, da dai sauransu a Vietnam, kamfanonin da kasar Sin ta ba da tallafi sun yi digiri daban-daban na hana zubar da ciki. Ƙaddara, haɗa nau'o'in samfurori da yawa kamar bayanan martaba na sanda na aluminum, raƙuman aluminum da foils na aluminum, kuma tasirin zai iya zama game da 10,000 ton.

A mahangar tarihi, tsare-tsare na baya-bayan nan na yaki da zubar da jini da kuma cin karensu babu babbaka sun yi tasiri sosai kan yawan fitar da kasarta zuwa kasashen waje da kuma rabon kasashen da ake son cimmawa, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 30%. A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wannan zagaye na ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na yaƙi da zubar da jini zai ƙara ɗaukar nauyin wurare da yawa da samfuran kayayyaki masu yawa. Ana sa ran zai shafi kusan tan 360,000 na takardar aluminum da tsiri kai tsaye, gami da kusan tan 500,000 na cinikin sake fitar da su, kuma adadin da abin ya shafa ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 1.5. Zai yi wani mummunan tasiri a kan fitar da aluminum daga 2018 zuwa 2019. Duk da haka, la'akari da cewa halin yanzu a duniya karancin aluminum yana da wuya a rage a cikin gajeren lokaci, da kuma kai tsaye takardar aluminum takardar da tsiri fitarwa zuwa Amurka ne yafi mota zanen gado. , wanda ke da babban kaso mai tsoka na jimillar shigo da kaya (sama da kashi 40%), ana sa ran tasirin ƙarar fitarwa da ƙimar fitarwar za ta kasance mai iyaka. .

Haɓakar farashin wutar lantarki + kunkuntar gibin farashi, fa'idodin alumini mara ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima

Kudin samar da aluminium a cikin ƙasata an ƙaddara ta farashin aluminum na farko da kuma farashin sarrafa aluminum. Kudin sarrafawa shine na biyu kuma yana da ɗan canji. Don haka, ga wasu kamfanonin kasar Sin wadanda ke da karfin samar da kayayyaki na sama da na kasa, farashin samar da aluminium ana kayyade shi ne ta hanyar samar da kayan aikin aluminum na farko. Koyaya, farashin samar da aluminum na farko na ƙasata yana da lahani na tsari, kuma yana da wahala a goyi bayan ƙarancin farashi na dogon lokaci. Musamman, farashin samar da aluminum na farko a cikin ƙasata yana da halaye masu zuwa. A cewar bayanan Bloomberg, a cikin 2017, farashin amfani da wutar lantarki ga kamfanonin aluminum ya kasance a kan matsakaicin yuan / ton 2700 (ko US $ 400 / ton) fiye da na wutar lantarki da aka samar da kai. Farashin wutar lantarki na kamfanonin aluminium na kasar Sin da ke amfani da wutar lantarki mai dogaro da kai ya kai kashi 31% na kudin da suke kashewa, yayin da masu amfani da wutar lantarkin ke da kashi 5%. Hakazalika, kamfanonin aluminium da ke amfani da wutar lantarkin da suke samarwa kansu suna samun matsakaicin ribar yuan/ton 3,115 don samar da aluminium na farko a shekarar 2017, yayin da kamfanonin da ke amfani da wutar lantarki ba su da wata riba. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashe da yankuna na duniya, yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi a kowace tan na electrolytic aluminum da kamfanonin aluminium na kasar Sin ke samarwa ya kai kilowatt 13,600 kacal, wanda shi ne matakin da ya fi kyau a duniya, musamman saboda sabon karfin samar da kayayyakin cikin gida. Kudin wutar lantarki yana lissafin kashi 35% -40% na farashin samarwa na aluminum electrolytic. A halin yanzu, kashi 30% na aluminium electrolytic na kasar Sin ana yin su ne ta hanyar wutar lantarki, kuma kamfanonin aluminium na kasar Sin masu amfani da wutar lantarki sun fi tsadar wutar lantarki a duniya. Kamfanonin Aluminum da ke amfani da wutar lantarkin da suke samarwa kansu suna da ɗan fa'ida fiye da Turai da Amurka a matsakaici, amma suna kama da na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Har ila yau rabon yana da babban gibi. Bisa kididdigar da Rusal ya yi, farashin wutar lantarki ga kamfanonin aluminum na kasar Sin don samar da tan 1 na aluminum electrolytic shine kimanin dalar Amurka 900, wanda ya kai kashi 50% na farashin LME na yanzu, yayin da farashin a Kanada da kasashen Gulf na iya zama ƙasa da Amurka. $350. Bugu da kari, fa'idar farashin da aka samu a baya na kamfanonin aluminium na kasar Sin da suka samar da wutar lantarki da kansu ya fito ne daga kwal mai arha. A shekarar 2016, sakamakon raguwar karfin kwal, farashin kwal ya tashi matuka, wanda hakan ya yi matukar kara tsadar kayan amfanin wutar lantarki mai dogaro da kai. Ana sa ran karin farashin kwal zai kara tsadar wutar lantarki. A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba biyu na rage ƙarfin samar da kwal da haɓaka kariyar muhalli, hauhawar farashin makamashi zai zama wani yanayi. A halin yanzu, samar da aluminium na ƙasata yana da hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu kawai: wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin farashin kan-grid na wutar lantarki shine 0.2 yuan/kWh. Idan aka kwatanta da farashin wutar lantarki da aka samar da kai na 0.3 yuan/kWh, yana da fa'ida a bayyane, amma rabon ya yi ƙasa kaɗan. Yana 10%.

Fiye da kashi 90% na alumina da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙasata ana yin su ne da kansu, kuma ƙasa da 10% ana shigo da su. A kasuwannin cikin gida, akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin farashin alumina na gida da na alumina da ake shigo da su. A matsakaita, farashin alumina da aka shigo da shi a tashar jirgin ruwa ta Qingdao ya wuce yuan 100-200 yuan/ton kawai fiye da alumina na gida. Idan aka kwatanta farashin alumina na cikin gida na ƙasa daga 2010 zuwa 2015 tare da farashin tallace-tallace na alumina na manyan kamfanonin aluminum a duniya, ana iya gano cewa farashin alumina na cikin gida ya fi matsakaicin farashin alumina na Alcoa da Rusal ta dalar Amurka 60-US $ 100/ ton. A fannin bauxite, a halin yanzu kashi 45% na bauxite na ƙasata ana samun su ne ta hanyar shigo da kayayyaki, amma matsakaicin farashin shigo da kaya ya fi dalar Amurka 15/ton kawai fiye da matsakaicin farashin kasuwan gida. Ana ƙididdige shi da ƙididdigewa bisa samar da tan 1 na aluminum electrolytic don kowane tan 5 na bauxite, kowace ton. Farashin albarkatun kasa na aluminium electrolytic ya karu da dalar Amurka 75/ton. Gabaɗaya, samar da aluminium na kasar Sin yana da tattalin arziƙin ma'auni kuma yana da fa'ida a cikin yawan amfani da makamashi, amma hauhawar farashin makamashi da matsin muhalli zai ƙara haɓaka farashin samarwa. Kamfanonin aluminium a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kanada za su iya kula da kwanciyar hankali na farashin su kuma suna amfana daga raunin fa'idar farashin kayayyakin Sinawa saboda fa'idodin tsarin farashi.

Saboda hauhawar farashin makamashi, babban fa'idar samar da aluminium na kasar Sin ya raunana. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ci gaba da haɓaka samar da aluminum na farko na ƙasata, yanayin sauye-sauye a cikin gida da na waje farashin ya zama iri ɗaya. A cikin dogon lokaci, bambancin farashin tsakanin SHFE da LME yana da wuyar kiyayewa a babban matakin, kuma taga don yanke hukunci mai girma na fitarwa yana iyakance. Yin la'akari da cewa duka raguwa a cikin musayar musayar da karuwar farashin makamashi zai haifar da raguwa a cikin fa'idodin fitar da kayayyaki na cikin gida na kayayyakin aluminium, a kan musayar 6.5 da kuma karuwar farashin makamashi na 10%, samfurori tare da farashin sarrafawa. fiye da dalar Amurka 755 / ton suna da ingantaccen riba da fa'idodin fitarwa, samfuran fitarwa na ƙarshe suna amfana da farko.

Shiga wannan labarin ： Rikicin ciniki yana shafar fitar da aluminum na ɗan gajeren lokaci

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