Karfe Kayan Karfe

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Abubuwan da ke da tasiri mafi girma akan ƙirƙira na ƙarfe shine siffar ƙarfe da kansa. Mafi kyawun filastik, ƙarancin yuwuwar ya fashe lokacin ƙirƙira. Plasticity na karfe yana da alaƙa da tsarin ƙarfe. Mafi kyawun nau'in kristal, mafi kyawun tsari kuma mafi kyawun filastik. Sabili da haka, ana iya inganta haɓakar ƙarfe na ƙarfe ta hanyar tsaftace ƙwayar kristal da tsarin daidaitaccen tsari. Kayan ƙarfe na iya canza siffarsa ba tare da tsagewa ba a lokacin mashin mashin. Ya hada da injina kamar guduma ƙirƙira, mirgina, mikewa, da extrusion a yanayin zafi ko sanyi. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira yana da alaƙa da haɓakar sinadarai na kayan ƙarfe.

Asalin Karfe

1.1 Tasirin sinadaran sinadaran

Karfe da ke da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban suna da nau'i daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, ƙarafa masu tsabta suna da mafi kyawun ƙirƙira fiye da gami; ƙananan juzu'in ƙwayar carbon na carbon karfe, mafi kyawun ƙirƙira; lokacin da karfe ya ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da carbide (chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, da dai sauransu) , Ƙarfafawa yana raguwa sosai.

1.2 Tasirin tsarin karfe

Tsarin ƙarfe ya bambanta, kuma ƙarfinsa shima ya bambanta sosai. Lokacin da gami ya kasance a cikin tsari mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na lokaci-lokaci (kamar austenite), ƙirƙira yana da kyau; lokacin da karfe yana da tsarin haɗin ƙarfe (kamar siminti), ƙirƙira ba ta da kyau. Tsarin ginshiƙi na simintin gyare-gyare da ƙananan ƙwaya ba su da ƙima kamar ƙayyadaddun tsari da tsari mai kyau bayan injin matsi.

Yanayin injin

2.1 Zazzabi na lalacewa

Ƙara yawan zafin jiki lokacin da ƙarfe ya lalace shine ma'auni mai tasiri don inganta haɓakar ƙarfe. A lokacin aikin dumama karfe, yayin da zafin zafi ya karu, motsi na atom ɗin ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa, jan hankali tsakanin atom ɗin yana raguwa, kuma zamewa yana da sauƙin faruwa. Sabili da haka, ana inganta filastik, an rage juriya na lalacewa, kuma an inganta haɓakar ƙima. Ana yin duk a yanayin zafi mai girma.

2.2 Gudun lalacewa

Gudun lalacewa shine matakin nakasawa kowane lokaci naúrar. Ana nuna tasirin saurin nakasawa akan ƙirƙira ƙarfe a cikin Hoto 2. Ana iya gani daga adadi cewa tasirinsa akan rashin ƙarfi yana cin karo da juna. A gefe guda, yayin da saurin nakasawa ya karu, farfadowa da recrystallization sun yi latti don shawo kan al'amuran da ke damun aikin a cikin lokaci, don haka filastik na karfe yana raguwa, juriya na lalacewa yana ƙaruwa, kuma rashin daidaituwa ya lalace (nuna a cikin adadi zuwa ga). hagu). A daya bangaren kuma, yayin da ake nakasar karfe, wani bangare na makamashin da ake amfani da shi wajen nakasar filastik ya zama makamashin zafi, wanda yake daidai da dumama karfen, ta yadda robobin karfen ya karu, a rage juriya na nakasar. kuma an inganta ƙirƙira (nuna a cikin adadi zuwa dama). Mafi girman saurin nakasawa, mafi kyawun tasirin zafi.

Hoto 2 Sakamakon saurin nakasawa akan filastik da juriya na lalacewa

2.3 Hanyar lalacewa (yanayin damuwa)

Yanayin nakasawa ya bambanta, kuma yanayin damuwa na ciki na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe ya bambanta. Misali, a yanayin nakasar extrusion, yana cikin yanayin matsawa ta hanyoyi uku; a yanayin zane, yana cikin yanayin matsawa ta hanyoyi biyu da yanayin matsawa ta hanya ɗaya; lokacin tashin hankali, yanayin damuwa na tsakiyar ɓangaren blank shine damuwa ta matsawa ta hanyoyi uku, kuma ɓangaren ɓangaren yana sama da ƙasa kuma yana radial Yana da damuwa mai matsawa, kuma tangential shine damuwa mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto 3.

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