Aikace-aikacen Kayan Maganin Magnesium A cikin Robobi marasa nauyi

1. Matsayin haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen mutum-mutumi

Yayin da ci gaban mutum-mutumi ya ci gaba da girma, aikace-aikacen mutum-mutumi ya fadada tun daga farkon masana'antu zuwa kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya, sabis na rayuwa, binciken sararin samaniya da teku, soja da nishaɗi, da sauransu. mataki, amma kuma zai haifar da ci gaba cikin sauri na fasahar sarrafa kansa ba ta masana'antu.

A halin yanzu, Amurka, Japan, Turai, Koriya ta Kudu da sauran manyan masana'antu suna ba da ci gaba a fasahar fasahar mutum-mutumi tare da inganta ci gaban masana'antar sarrafa mutum-mutumi a wani muhimmin matsayi na ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha a dukkan kasashe. A cikin "Made in China 2025", kasar Sin tana kuma kallon "kayan aikin injin CNC masu inganci da mutummutumi" a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman fannonin raya kasa guda 10, kuma ta ba da shawarar "mayar da hankali kan na'urorin zamani na masana'antu, na musamman, kamar motoci, injina, na'urorin lantarki, da kayayyaki masu hadari." masana'antu, tsaro na kasa, soja, sinadarai, da masana'antu masu haske. 

Bukatun aikace-aikacen mutum-mutumi, da kuma na'urorin mutum-mutumi na sabis kamar kiwon lafiya da kiwon lafiya, sabis na gida, ilimi da nishaɗi, bincike da haɓaka sabbin samfura, da haɓaka daidaito da haɓaka ƙirar mutum-mutumi. Ƙirar Shirin Ci gaban Kimiyya da Fasaha (2006-2020)" kuma a fili yana ɗaukar mutum-mutumi na sabis a matsayin babban fifikon fasaha don haɓaka gaba, kuma yana ba da shawarar "mayar da hankali kan buƙatun aikace-aikacen mutum-mutumin sabis, hanyoyin ƙirƙira bincike, hanyoyin masana'antu, da sarrafa hankali. Fasaha na yau da kullun kamar haɗin kai tare da tsarin aikace-aikacen" [5]. 

A halin yanzu, matsakaicin yawan robobin masana'antu da ake amfani da su a masana'antar kera a duniya ya kai kashi 55 cikin 10,000 na ma'aikata, yayin da yawan robobin masana'antu a kasar Sin ya kai raka'a 36 kacal a cikin ma'aikata 10,000. Dangane da bayanan da ke sama, "canjin na'ura" ya zama yanayin gaba ɗaya. A birnin Guangzhou, wakilin masana'antun masana'antu a kogin Pearl Delta, gwamnati ta ba da shawarar cewa nan da shekarar 2020, fiye da kashi 80 cikin XNUMX na masana'antun da ke birnin ya kamata su yi amfani da robobin masana'antu da na'urori masu basira.

Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin matakai kamar stam, walda, da na'ura mai sarrafa kansa a cikin masana'antar masana'antu, ana iya amfani da robots don maye gurbin ayyukan hannu na gargajiya kamar niƙa, hadaddun walda, da goge goge. Apple yana amfani da mutum-mutumi na lantarki na KUKA guda biyu don goge bayyanar Mac Pro sau biyu don samar da saman madubi. 

Bayan an kammala gyaran gyare-gyaren waje, mutum-mutumin zai kuma goge cikin harsashi na Mac Pro, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1. Robots na walda sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da walda mai inganci da inganci, kuma a hankali suna canzawa zuwa aiki da kai. . Koriya ta Kudu ta amince da wani jirgin ruwa na wayar tafi da gidanka na PDA mai walda robot Rail Runner, wanda zai iya shiga cikin tsarin da ke kewaye da wani jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu biyu wanda ke buƙatar waldawa, kuma yana aiki a cikin yanayin walda mai guba da zafin jiki, maimakon manual. atomatik waldi. 

PTJ wata babbar sana'a ce ta fasahar kere-kere wacce ta dogara kan fasahar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, kuma tana mai da hankali kan inganta fasahohin na'ura na mutum-mutumi na fasaha, da masana'antu, da tallace-tallace na gida da waje. An kafa ƙungiyar kamfanin a cikin 2010 kuma an daɗe da himma don sarrafa madaidaicin madaidaicin, ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe da sassa na filastik, da ƙanana da matsakaicin girma da samarwa da masana'anta na gami da kayan haɗin gwiwa (irin wannan. kamar yadda magnesium-lithium gami, magnesium-aluminum gami, carbon fiber, da dai sauransu) sassa. Da kuma sayayyar sassa na mutum-mutumi da sabis na keɓancewa.

Aiwatar da mutum-mutumi a cikin masana'antun da ba na masana'antu kuma yana ƙara bambanta. Amazon ya samar da mutum-mutumi fiye da 15,000 na Kiva a cikin cibiyar rarraba ta don gane sarrafa kayan aiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3. Waɗannan robots suna tafiya cikin sauri da nutsuwa. Bayan sun karɓi umarni na dijital da kwamfuta ta tsakiya ke watsawa ba tare da waya ba, sai su duba tambarin lambar da ke ƙasa don tafiya, su zamewa ƙarƙashin rumbun, sannan a aika su ga masu zaɓe. Robot na karkashin ruwa R2D4 da Japan ta ƙera yana da matsakaicin zurfin nutsewa na mita 4000, yana iya tattara bayanai kai tsaye, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don tsaunuka na ƙarƙashin ruwa, rushewar jiragen ruwa da ma'adinan ma'adinai. 

Na'urorin CR-01 da CR-02 da aka riga aka tsara da kuma sarrafa na'urori masu sarrafa kansu da ke karkashin ruwa, tare da yin hadin gwiwa tare da kasar Rasha daga cibiyar nazarin fasahar kere-kere ta Shenyang, kwalejin kimiyyar kasar Sin, suna da zurfin nutsewar da ya kai mita 6000, kuma sun kammala binciken tekun Pacific. . Dangane da na’urar mutum-mutumin sararin samaniya, Robonaut, wani mutum-mutumi da NASA ta kera a Amurka, zai maye gurbin ‘yan sama jannati a aikin wuce gona da iri, kuma saurin mayar da martaninsa ya fi na ‘yan Adam sauri, inda ya saba da abubuwan da ba a zata ba.

A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta shiga cikin al'ummar da suka tsufa, kuma matsalolin kula da lafiya, gyaran fuska, da ba da taimako ga nakasassu da suka haifar da yanayin tsufa sun haifar da matsin tattalin arziki da albarkatu ga daukacin al'umma. Mutum-mutumin tiyata wanda da Vinci mutummutumi ke wakilta suna wakiltar matakin koli na mutummutumin likitanci na yanzu, kuma suna nuna fa'idar aikace-aikacen mutum-mutumin likita. 

Robots na Exoskeleton suma sun nuna fa'idarsu wajen taimaka wa tsofaffi da naƙasassu tafiya. Yiwuwar aikace-aikacen. Dangane da robobin likitanci, asibitoci da yawa irin su Asibitin Kudu maso Yamma a cikin ƙasata suna amfani da robobin endoscopy na capsule maimakon gastroscope na gargajiya don gwajin ciki. Mutum-mutumin yana da girman capsule kawai. Bayan an dauki majiyyaci da baki, likita na iya lura da cikin narkar da abinci a 360° ta fuskar allo, kuma za a iya kammala gwajin a cikin kimanin mintuna 15, wanda ba wai kawai yana sa majiyyaci dadi ba, amma kuma capsule da ake iya zubarwa kuma yana hana. kamuwa da cuta kuma ya fi tsabta da lafiya. . 

Dangane da mutum-mutumi ga tsofaffi, Robot Suit HAL, robot exoskeleton daga Cyberdyne na Japan, na iya taimaka wa marasa lafiya da ke da wahalar tafiya don samun gyara, kuma ya dace da taimaka wa tsofaffi wajen tafiya. Robot na iya taimaka wa mai sawa cikar tsayawa, tafiya, kamawa da ɗaga abubuwa masu nauyi, da sauransu. Aiki, kuma ci gaba da lokacin aiki zai iya kaiwa 280min.

2. Kayayyakin Robot da yanayin nauyinsu masu nauyi

A halin yanzu, nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan ƙarfe daban-daban sune zaɓi na farko na kayan don sassa daban-daban na tsarin robot, kamar simintin ƙarfe, gami da ƙarfe, bakin karfe, gami da aluminum gami da gami da titanium. La'akari na farko a cikin ƙira da amfani da ƙwararrun mutum-mutumi waɗanda mutummutumin masana'antu na gargajiya ke wakilta shine cewa suna buƙatar samun isasshen ƙarfi. Don haka galibin sassan tsarin su ana yin su ne da nau'ikan simintin gyare-gyare na ƙarfe da ƙarfe da sauran abubuwa, wasu sassa kuma an yi su ne da kayan aikin ƙarfe na aluminum da kayan haɗin gwiwa. jira

Yin la'akari da babban buƙatun na ganowa da kuma ceto robot don rage nauyinsa, sauri da kwanciyar hankali motsi, da dai sauransu, bayan maye gurbin 45 # karfe tare da fiber na fiber na fiber na halitta yana ƙarfafa thermoplastic resin matrix ko thermosetting resin composite abu don yin babban abu. jikin mutum-mutumin da aka gano, yawan babban jiki ya ragu zuwa kilogiram 45, wanda ya kai kilogiram 190.5 kasa da na asali na jikin mota, kuma adadin rage nauyi ya kai kashi 80.9%. Mutum-mutumin sabis na gida suna da ƙananan buƙatu don ƙarfin abu, amma suna da ƙarin buƙatu don nauyin mutum-mutumi ko ɗaukar nauyi. Saboda haka, ainihin tsarin aikin mutum-mutumi na sabis galibi yana amfani da kayan gami na aluminum. Misali, tsarin hannu na mutum-mutumi na sabis na tsofaffi an yi shi da 7075 aluminum gami. 

Zane mai sauƙi na hannu yana samuwa ta hanyar inganta tsarin, kuma an tabbatar da bukatun aikinsa. A matsayin wakilin nakasassu mutummutumi, robobin exoskeleton suna da buƙatu masu girma don rage nauyi da ɗaukar nauyi. Misali, EKSO (Hoto 5) robot exoskeleton yana amfani da aluminum da titanium gami a matsayin tsarin injinsa, kuma jimlar nauyinsa kusan 23kg ne kawai. PRMI mai cin gashin kansa mai rage nauyi na exoskeleton ƙananan hannu na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta ƙasata ita ma an yi ta da aluminium alloy.

A takaice, don biyan buƙatun ƙarin nauyi, inganci da aiki mai dacewa na mutummutumi, robobi masu nauyi sune yanayin ci gaban gaba. Baya ga ƙirar tsari mai sauƙi, kayan nauyi sun fi mahimmanci. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin nauyi, kayan nauyi mai nauyi yana sa mutum-mutumi ya sami babban yuwuwar rage nauyi da fa'idar aikace-aikace.

3.A aikace-aikace abũbuwan amfãni daga m magnesium kayan a kan mutummutumi

Karfe kayan da mutum-mutumin zai iya zabar sun hada da karfe, aluminum gami, magnesium gami, titanium gami da dai sauransu, kasancewar yawan kayan karfe ya kai 7.8g/cm3, duk da cewa kadan daga cikin sassa masu motsi na robot suna amfani da titanium. Alloy kayan (4.5g/cm3) ko aluminum gami kayan (2.7g/cm3) maimakon karfe kayan, da yawa na titanium alloys ne in mun gwada da high. High da tsada, da yawa na aluminum gami kuma ya fi na magnesium gami.

A matsayin kayan tsarin ƙarfe mafi sauƙi, magnesium ko magnesium alloy yana da nauyin 2/3 na aluminum, wanda bai wuce 1/4 na karfe ba. Ga polycarbonate composites dauke da 30% gilashin fiber, da yawa na magnesium bai wuce 10%. Bugu da ƙari, albarkatun baƙin ƙarfe da aluminium na ƙasata sun tanadi kashi 18.7% da 2.3% na ma'auni na duniya, amma albarkatun magnesium na ƙasata sune mafi arziki a duniya, kuma aikace-aikacen kayan magnesium yana da fa'idodi na musamman. Saboda haka, magnesium da magnesium gami kayan suna da gagarumin abũbuwan amfãni a rage nauyi, inganta robot maneuverability, da kuma jimiri saboda su haske nauyi da kuma high takamaiman ƙarfi. Suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan aikin kera mutum-mutumi.

Ƙananan nauyin kayan aikin mutum-mutumi na iya haɓaka haɓakarsa sosai da haɓaka aikin sa, yana nuna fa'idodin mutummutumi wajen rage rashin kuzari, haɓaka saurin aiki da daidaiton motsi. ASIMO na ƙarni na uku (Hoto na 6) na Kamfanin Honda na Japan an yi shi ne da gawa mai sauƙi, kuma harsashin sa an yi shi da ƙarfe na magnesium. Hakan na rage kiba da mutun-mutumin sosai, kuma gudun tafiyarsa yana daga 1.6km/h zuwa 2.5. km/h, matsakaicin gudun gudu ya kai 3km/h.

Ko da yake an fara amfani da kayan haɗin gwal na magnesium a cikin mutummutumi, ɗayan mahimman ƙullun da ke hana aikace-aikacen kayan haɗin gwal na magnesium a fagen sassa na robot har yanzu ƙarfin da taurin maki na magnesium gami ya yi ƙasa da na ƙarfe da aluminum. gami. Har yanzu akwai rata a cikin abubuwan da ake buƙata na kayan aikin mutum-mutumi, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a maye gurbin gaba ɗaya ƙarfe, gami da aluminum da sauran kayan. Don haka, haɓaka manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar magnesium da haɓakawa da fasahar sarrafa su don kera sassa na robot yana da matukar mahimmanci don rage ingancin sassan motsi na robot, haɓaka daidaiton motsi, da samun nasarar ceton makamashi.

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2015, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Beijing ta kaddamar da "Babban Shirin Ci gaban Bincike na Kimiyya-Robots" don mayar da martani ga matsayin bincike na yanzu da kuma ci gaban da ake samu a fannin na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Baya ga manyan fasahohin maɓalli na gama gari, mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, cikakkiyar injin R&D, da aikace-aikacen da aka haɗa na mutummutumi masu hankali, shirin yana mai da hankali kan bincike. Wani abin lura shi ne cewa yana haskaka “kayan marasa nauyi don mutummutumi” waɗanda kayan gami na magnesium ke wakilta. key fasahar bincike". 

"Babban shirin ci gaban bincike" ya dogara da ƙungiyar R&D da fa'idodin dandalin R&D na Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Fasaha ta Beijing a fagen hasken magnesium gami da kayan aikin fiye da shekaru goma, kuma yana amfani da babban aikin magnesium kamar haka. kamar yadda Mg-Zn-Er, Mg-Gd-Er-Zr, da dai sauransu Dangane da sakamakon bincike na gami kayan zane, lafiya tsarin kula, filastik kafa inji, da dai sauransu, nufin a bukatun high darajar-kara likita mutummutumi da kuma robobi na gida dangane da kayan da ba su da nauyi, da haɓaka sabbin ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ƙarfi na kayan aikin magnesium a matsayin makasudin haɓaka manyan kayan aikin ƙarfe na Magnesium gami da ake amfani da su a cikin mutummutumi na sabis na gida kamar su likitanci / kula da gida, da sauransu, mai da hankali kan nauyi mai nauyi. na irin waɗannan makamai na mutum-mutumi da sauran sassa masu motsi, kuma a hankali a hankali sun fahimci raguwar nauyi na mutum-mutumin sabis na gida.

A cikin yanayin masana'antar masana'antu na ƙasata na fuskantar haɓaka masana'antu da sauye-sauyen tsufa na al'umma, a cikin shekaru goma ko ma shekaru masu zuwa, buƙatun robobin masana'antu na gargajiya da sabbin na'urori masu ba da hidima na cikin gida za su ci gaba da haɓaka, kuma yuwuwar yin amfani da kasuwar robot yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Aikace-aikacen kayan gami masu nauyi waɗanda magnesium alloys ke wakilta a cikin mutummutumi yana da fa'idodin inganta haɓakar mutum-mutumi, rage yawan kuzari, da haɓaka lokacin jiran aiki. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kwatance na bincike da haɓaka mutum-mutumi.

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