Sabbin Kayayyakin Da Yafi Yiwuwa A nan gaba na 21

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Masana'antar kayan aiki ita ce masana'antar asali ta tattalin arzikin kasa. Sabbin kayan sune masu gaba-gaba a cikin ci gaban masana'antar kayan aiki da mahimmancin masana'antu masu tasowa.

A yau, juyin juya halin kimiyya da fasaha yana haɓaka cikin sauri, sabbin kayayyaki da kayayyaki suna canzawa kowace rana ta wucewa, haɓaka masana'antu da maye gurbin kayan suna haɓaka. An haɗa sabuwar fasahar kayan aiki tare da nanotechnology, fasahar kere-kere da fasahar bayanai. Haɗuwa da ayyuka na tsari da kayan aiki a bayyane yake. Halayen abokantaka na muhalli na ƙarancin carbon, kore da sake sake amfani da kayan sun ja hankali sosai.
Wannan labarin ya haɗu da ci gaban bincike na sanannun cibiyoyin bincike da kamfanoni a gida da waje, sharhin kafofin watsa labaru na kimiyya da bincike mai zafi na masana'antu, kuma ya zaɓi sabbin kayan 20. Wadannan sune cikakkun bayanai na abubuwan da suka danganci (ba tare da wani tsari na musamman ba)

1. Graphene

nasara: Ƙarfafawar da ba a saba gani ba, ƙarancin juriya mai ƙarancin ƙarfi da saurin canja wurin lantarki, sau goma fiye da ƙarfin ƙarfe da ingantaccen watsa haske.
trends: Kyautar Nobel a fannin Physics a shekarar 2010 ta haifar da bunkasuwar fasahar kere-kere da kasuwanni a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, zai kasance a cikin nunin optoelectronic, semiconductor, allon taɓawa, na'urorin lantarki, batir ajiyar makamashi, nuni, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, semiconductor, sararin samaniya, soja, da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Kayayyaki, biomedicine da sauran filayen za su fashe.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Graphene Technologies, Angstron Materials, Graphene Square, kashi na shida na Changzhou, Ningbo Moxi da sauransu.

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2.Airgel

nasara: High porosity, low yawa, low thermal watsin, m thermal rufi Properties.
trends: Sabbin kayan da ke da yuwuwar girma suna da babban tasiri a cikin kiyaye makamashi da kariyar muhalli, kayan zafi da na'urorin lantarki, da gini.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Aspen Amurka, WR Grace, Japan Fuji-Silysia, da dai sauransu.

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3.Carbon nanotube

nasara: High lantarki watsin, high thermal watsin, high modules na elasticity, high tensile ƙarfi, da dai sauransu.
trends: Electrode, mai ɗaukar hoto, firikwensin, da dai sauransu na na'urar aiki.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni)Unidym, Inc., Toray Industries, Inc., Bayer Materials Science AG, Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Shenzhen Betray, Suzhou First Element, da dai sauransu.

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4.Fullerenes

nasara: Yana da madaidaiciyar kaddarorin gani da ba na layi ba, alkali karfe fullerene superconductivity da makamantansu.
trends: Nan gaba na da muhimmiyar ma'ana a fannonin kimiyyar rayuwa, likitanci, astrophysics, da dai sauransu, kuma ana sa ran za a yi amfani da su a cikin na'urorin optoelectronic kamar na'urori masu juyawa, jujjuya sigina da adana bayanai.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, Xiamen Funa New Materials, da dai sauransu.

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5.Amorphous gami

nasara: Babban ƙarfi da tauri, kyakkyawan ƙarfin maganadisu da ƙarancin ƙarancin maganadisu, ingantaccen ruwa mai gudana.
trends: A cikin manyan tashoshi masu ƙarancin hasara, sassan tsarin kayan aikin tasha ta hannu, da sauransu.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Liquidmetal Technologies, Inc., Cibiyar Karfe, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, BYD Co., Ltd., da dai sauransu.

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6.Karfe kumfa

nasara: Light nauyi, low yawa, high porosity da kuma babban musamman surface area.
trends: Yana da wutar lantarki kuma yana iya maye gurbin filin aikace-aikacen inda kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba na kwayoyin ba zai iya gudanar da wutar lantarki ba; yana da babban tasiri a fagen sarrafa sauti da rage amo.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Alcan (Aluminum na Amurka), Rio Tinto, Symat, Norsk Hydro, da dai sauransu.

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7.Ionic ruwa

nasara: Tare da high thermal kwanciyar hankali, m ruwa zafin jiki kewayon, daidaitacce acidity da alkalinity, polarity, daidaituwa ikon da sauransu.
trends: Yana da fa'idar aikace-aikace a fagen koren sinadarai, da kuma a fagen ilmin halitta da catalysis.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Solvent Innovation, BASF, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Sin Academy of Sciences, Tongji University, da dai sauransu.

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8.Nanocellulose

nasara: Yana da kyau biocompatibility, ruwa riƙewa, fadi da kewayon pH kwanciyar hankali, Nano-mesh tsarin, da kuma high inji Properties.
trends: Akwai babban bege a cikin biomedicine, haɓakawa, masana'antar takarda, tsarkakewa, gudanarwa da abinci masu haɗaɗɗun ƙwayoyin cuta, da abubuwan haɗin gwal na masana'antu.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Cellu Force (Kanada), US Forest Service, Innventia (Sweden), da dai sauransu.

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9.Nano-point perovskite

nasara: Nano-point perovskites suna da giant magnetoresistance, high ionic conductivity, da catalysis for oxygen juyin halitta da raguwa.
trends: Gaba yana da babban tasiri a fagen catalysis, ajiya, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, da kuma ɗaukar haske.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Epri, AlfaAesar, da dai sauransu.

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10.3D kayan bugawa

nasara: Ta hanyar canza hanyoyin sarrafawa na masana'antu na gargajiya, yana yiwuwa a hanzarta gane gyare-gyaren sifofi masu rikitarwa.
trendsHanyar gyare-gyaren juyin juya hali na da kyakkyawan fata a fagagen samar da sarkakiyar tsari da saurin sarrafawa.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni)Abu, 3D Systems, Stratasys, Huaying Hi-Tech, PTJ Shop, da dai sauransu.

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11.Gilashin sassauƙa
nasara: Canja tsattsauran ra'ayi da raunin gilashin gargajiya don gane juyin juya halin gilashin.
trends: A nan gaba, filin na'ura mai sauƙi da kayan aiki na nadawa yana da kyakkyawan fata.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Corning, Jamus, SCHOTT Group, da dai sauransu.

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12.Kayan haɗin kai (gyaran kai).

nasara: Haɗin kai na kwayoyin halitta yana gane "hankali" na kayan da kansa, yana canza hanyoyin shirye-shiryen kayan da suka gabata, kuma ya gane samuwar wani nau'i da tsarin kayan da kanta.
trends: Canza shirye-shiryen kayan gargajiya da hanyoyin gyaran kayan za su sami kyakkyawan fata a fagen na'urorin ƙwayoyin cuta, injiniyan ƙasa, da nanotechnology.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Jami'ar Harvard, da dai sauransu.

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13.Ragewar bioplastic

nasara: Ba za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar halitta ba, albarkatun kasa suna fitowa daga albarkatun da za a iya sabunta su, suna canza dogaro da robobin gargajiya ga albarkatun burbushin halittu kamar mai, iskar gas da kwal, da rage gurbacewar muhalli.
trends: Makomar maye gurbin robobi na gargajiya yana da kyakkyawan fata.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni):Natureworks, Basf, Kaneka, da dai sauransu.

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14.Titanium carbon composite

nasara: Tare da babban ƙarfi, ƙananan yawa, da kuma kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, yana da ƙima mara iyaka a cikin jirgin sama da aikace-aikacen jama'a.
trends: A nan gaba, yana da fa'ida mai fa'ida a aikace-aikacen muhalli irin su nauyi, ƙarfin ƙarfi da juriya na lalata.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Cibiyar Fasaha ta Harbin da sauransu.

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15.Babban abu

nasara: Yana da kaddarorin jiki waɗanda kayan al'ada ba su da su, kamar haɓakar maganadisu mara kyau, ƙarancin dielectric mai ƙarfi, da makamantansu.
trends: Ta hanyar canza tsarin al'ada na sarrafawa bisa ga yanayin kayan aiki, a nan gaba, za'a iya tsara halayen kayan bisa ga buƙatun, kuma yuwuwar ba ta da iyaka da juyin juya hali.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Boeing, Kymeta, Shenzhen Guangqi Research Institute, da dai sauransu.

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16.Superconducting abu

nasara: A nan gaba, idan muka karya ta hanyar high-zazzabi superconducting fasaha, muna sa ran za a warware matsalolin da wutar lantarki asarar watsa, dumama na'urar, da kuma kore sabon watsa Magnetic dakatar fasahar.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Sumitomo, Japan, Bruker, Kwalejin Kimiyya na kasar Sin, da dai sauransu.

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17.Shafin Memory Alloys

nasara: Bayan an riga an yi shi, bayan an tilasta masa yin lalacewa ta hanyar yanayi na waje, an mayar da shi zuwa ga asali bayan wasu sharuɗɗa, kuma an gane zane da aikace-aikace na lalata kayan.
trends: Akwai babbar dama ta fasahar sararin samaniya, kayan aikin likitanci, injiniyoyi da na'urorin lantarki da sauran fannoni.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Bincike sababbin kayan aiki, da dai sauransu.

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18.Magnetostrictive abu

nasara: A ƙarƙashin aikin filin maganadisu, zai iya haifar da haɓakawa ko haɓaka kaddarorin, kuma ya gane hulɗar tsakanin lalacewar kayan abu da filin maganadisu.
trends: Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannonin na'urori masu fasaha na fasaha, na'urori masu ɗaukar hankali, masu canza tsarin, manyan motoci masu mahimmanci, da dai sauransu A karkashin wasu yanayi, aikin sa ya fi na piezoelectric yumbu.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): American ETREMA, British Rare Earth Products, Sumitomo Light Metal Co., da dai sauransu.

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19.Magnetic (lantarki) kayan ruwa

nasara: Yana da ruwa, ya haɗu da abubuwan maganadisu na ƙaƙƙarfan kayan maganadisu, da yawan ruwa. Yana da halaye da aikace-aikace waɗanda kayan magnetic girma na gargajiya ba su da shi.
trends: Ana amfani da shi a cikin rufewar maganadisu, firiji na maganadisu, famfo zafi na maganadisu da sauran filayen, canza hanyoyin rufewar gargajiya da sanyaya.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): American ATA Application Technology Company, Japan Matsushita, da dai sauransu.

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20.Gel polymer mai hankali

nasara: Yana iya fahimtar canje-canje a cikin muhallin da ke kewaye kuma ya ba da amsa, tare da halayen amsa irin na halitta.
trends: Za'a iya amfani da zagayowar faɗaɗa-ƙulla yarjejeniya na gels polymer mai kaifin don sinadarai bawuls, rabuwar adsorption, na'urori masu auna firikwensin da kayan ƙwaƙwalwa; ana amfani da wutar lantarki da aka samar don zayyana "injunan sinadarai"; ikon sarrafa raga ya dace da tsarin isar da magunguna masu kaifin basira.
Babban cibiyoyin bincike (kamfanoni): Jami'o'in Amurka da Japan.

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